Pre-Civil+War+Review

=Key Terms & People=
 * = **Era of Good Feelings** ||= **nationalism** ||= **Cumberland Road** ||= **Erie Canal** ||= **Richard Arkwright** ||
 * = **Samuel Slater** ||= **Eli Whitney** ||= **Industrial Revolution** ||= **textiles** ||= **interchangeable parts** ||
 * = **mass production** ||= **cotton gin** ||= **Missouri Compromise (1820)** ||= **sectionalism** ||= **Tariff of Abominations** ||
 * = **state's rights doctrine** ||= **nullification crisis** ||= **popular sovereignty** ||= **secede** ||= **Fugitive Slave Act** ||
 * = **abolitionists** ||= **Kansas-Nebraska Act** ||= **Dred Scott** ||= **John Brown** ||= **Pottawatomie Massacre** ||
 * = **John Brown's Raid** ||= **Election of 1860** ||=  ||=   ||=   ||

=Main Ideas=

• How did improvements in the nation's transportation system strengthen America's economy? • How did new technological innovations transform the economies of the North and South? • What were the major elements of disagreement in the debate over the admission of Missouri into the Union? • How was this "compromise" not a long-term solution to the problem of slavery in the Western territories? What other problems did it create for the future? • Why did northerners favor tariffs on imports and southerners oppose them? • What led to the nullification crisis? • How did southerners use the states' rights doctrine to support the idea of nullification? • How are the arguments made for/against California's admission into the union similar to the arguments made during the debate over Missouri's admission to the union? • How did the Compromise of 1850 contradict [go against] the Missouri Compromise of 1820? • What were the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act? Why did some Americans believe the Fugitive Slave Act was unfair? • How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act contradict [go against] the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and anger Northerners? • What was the decision of the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott Case? Identify the reasons the Supreme Court gave to support their decision. • How did the Supreme Court case affect abolitionists efforts? Why did John Brown's raid lead some southerners to talk about leaving the Union? • Explain how the actions of John Brown in the Pottawatomie Massacre and at Harper's Ferry would lead some Southerners to talk about leaving the Union? • What were the effects of the Election of 1860?

=Essays=

A) In your opinion, was the Civil War inevitable? Were the North and the South doomed from the beginning to battle each other eventually over the slavery issue?

B) Dating back to the days of the American colonies, the North and the South were fundamentally different. The economy of the North was industrial, whereas the economy of the South was agricultural. These differences contributed greatly to the tensions that led to the Civil War. Think about the many fundamental differences that exist today between North and South Korea today. Taking what you learned from America’s history, what advice would you offer for dealing with these fundamental differences so that North and South Korea do not end up in Civil War?

C) In 1852, the famed Cumberland Road stretched from Maryland to Illinois, covering nearly 600 miles and five states. By 1860, there were an estimated one thousand steamboats on the Mississippi River. Explain how these revolutions in transportation transformed the American economy and transformed trade, cities, and methods of business/production.

D) A passionate abolitionist named John Brown came up with an interesting scheme in 1857. His plan was to invade the South, liberate the slaves, and create a free state for the ex-slaves. In an attempt to provide slaves with weapons, he attacked an arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and several innocent people lost their lives. Brown was tried for treason and murder, found guilty, and hanged. Was John Brown a murderer or a martyr? Explain your views (A-R-E Format).

E) In 1850, most Northerners would never have dreamed they would be fighting a war against the South. What factors caused Northern public opinion to change? Identify two of those factors and explain the reasons why it had such a significant impact on the North and its views of the South and slavery.

F) In 1846 in Missouri, a slave named Dred Scott sued his owner for his freedom in both state and federal court. Scott claimed that he had been living on free soil in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory for more than five years and that in consequence, he was free. The Supreme Court ultimately decided that to make Scott free would be to deprive his owner of property. If the Supreme Court had granted Dred Scott his freedom, what would it have meant for slaves throughout the South?

=Videos=

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